Indonesian dance reflects the richness and diversity of race and culture in Indonesia. There are more than 700 ethnic groups in Indonesia: it can be seen from Austronesian roots and Melanesian culture, influenced by the various cultures of neighboring countries in Asia and even Western influence is absorbed through colonization. Every tribe in Indonesia has its own peculiar variety of dance; In Indonesia there are more than 3000 Indonesian original dances. Ancient tradition of dance and drama studio and preserved in various dance schools that are protected by the court or the state-run academy of art.
For classification purposes, the art of dance in Indonesia can be classified into various categories. In the category of history, dance, Indonesia can be divided into three eras: prehistoric tribal era, the era of Hindu-Buddhist, and Islamic era. Based protectors and supporters, can be divided into two groups, dance palace (court dance) supported the nobility, and the folk dance that grew from the common people. According to tradition, Indonesian dances are divided into two groups: traditional dance and contemporary dance.
For classification purposes, the art of dance in Indonesia can be classified into various categories. In the category of history, dance, Indonesia can be divided into three eras: prehistoric tribal era, the era of Hindu-Buddhist, and Islamic era. Based protectors and supporters, can be divided into two groups, dance palace (court dance) supported the nobility, and the folk dance that grew from the common people. According to tradition, Indonesian dances are divided into two groups: traditional dance and contemporary dance.
Historical Era
1. Prehistoric or patterned dance tribal dance.
Prior to contact with foreign influences, ethnic groups in the Indonesian archipelago had developed the art of dance itself, it looks at the various tribes who resist outside influences and choose a simple life in the countryside, for example, in Sumatra (Batak, Nias, Mentawai), in Borneo (Dayak, Punan, Iban), Java (Bedouin), Sulawesi (Toraja, Minahasa), Moluccas and Papua (Dani, Asmat, Amungme).
Many anthropologists believe that the dance movements in Indonesia begins with rituals and religious ceremonies. Such dances are usually originated from the ritual, such as a war dance, dance shaman to cure or ward off disease, to summon rain dances, and various types of dance related with agriculture such as dance Hudoq Dayak. Another dance is inspired by nature, such as Peacock dance from West Java. The dance is an ancient type usually display repetitive movements such as Tor-Tor dance of the Batak of North Sumatra. This dance is also intended to evoke the spirit or soul is hidden in man, is also meant to appease and please the spirits. Some dances involve such mental condition is regarded as trance channeling the spirit into the body of the dancer who danced and moved beyond consciousness. Dance Trance is a sacred dance Dedari special in Bali, where girls who have grown up dancing in unconscious mental condition believed possessed the holy spirit. This dance is intended to expel evil spirits from around the village. Kuda Lumping dance and dagger dance also involves trance.
Many anthropologists believe that the dance movements in Indonesia begins with rituals and religious ceremonies. Such dances are usually originated from the ritual, such as a war dance, dance shaman to cure or ward off disease, to summon rain dances, and various types of dance related with agriculture such as dance Hudoq Dayak. Another dance is inspired by nature, such as Peacock dance from West Java. The dance is an ancient type usually display repetitive movements such as Tor-Tor dance of the Batak of North Sumatra. This dance is also intended to evoke the spirit or soul is hidden in man, is also meant to appease and please the spirits. Some dances involve such mental condition is regarded as trance channeling the spirit into the body of the dancer who danced and moved beyond consciousness. Dance Trance is a sacred dance Dedari special in Bali, where girls who have grown up dancing in unconscious mental condition believed possessed the holy spirit. This dance is intended to expel evil spirits from around the village. Kuda Lumping dance and dagger dance also involves trance.
2. Hindu-Buddhist-style dance.
Upon the acceptance of religion in Indonesia dharma, Hinduism and Buddhism celebrated in sacred rituals and art. Acts such as the celebrated Hindu epic Ramayana, Mahabharata and the Flag was the inspiration for display in a dance-drama called "Ballet" like "ballet" in the western tradition. A method and a very intricate dance style created and preserved to this day, especially in Java and Bali. Javanese Ramayana Ballet performed regularly at Prambanan, Yogyakarta, while snedratari the same theme in Balinese version staged at various temples across the island of Bali. Wayang Javanese dance people take footage from episode of Ramayana or Mahabharata. But the dance is very different from the Indian version. Although the attitude of the body and hands were still considered important, Indonesian dances do not pay attention as important to dance mudras India: even show local form. Javanese court dance emphasizes the elegance and movements are slow and graceful, while the Balinese dance more dynamic and expressive. Java Bedhaya sacred ritual dance is believed to come from the Majapahit in the 14th century and even earlier, this dance comes from the dance ritual performed by a virgin girl to worship Hindu gods like Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu.
In Bali, dance has been an integral part of the sacred ritual Hindu dharma. Some experts believe that the dance originated from the traditional Balinese dance older than Java. Relief from the temple in East Java from the 14th century showing the crown and headdress headdress similar to that used in Balinese dance now. It displays remarkable continuity of tradition unbroken for at least 600 years. Some dance sacred and holy should only be staged in certain religious ceremonies. Each Balinese dance has its own uses, ranging from sacred dance ritual which should only be danced in the temple, which tells the story of dance and popular legend, to dance to welcome and honor guests like Pendet. Mask dance is also very popular in Java and Bali, generally taking Panji tales can be traced to the history of the kingdom of Kediri come from the 12th century. Type the famous mask dance is Cirebon mask dance and Balinese mask.
3. Islamic-style dance
As a religion that came Secondly, Islam entered the archipelago began when the original dance and the dance is still popular dharma. Artists and dancers still use the style of a previous era, change their stories more stories berpenafsiran Islam and fashion a more closed according to the teachings of Islam. These changes are very evident in the dance offerings from Jambi. Dancers are decorated gold complex and highways as in the Hindu-Buddhist, but his clothes covered more ethically modesty of dress in Islam.
This new era brings a new style of dance: Dance Dance Zapin Malay and Acehnese Saman dance and music styles implement nuanced Arabia and Persia, combined with local style dance featuring a new generation of Islamic era. Typical instruments used also Arabic and Persian, such as tambourines, drums, and the drum major in the dance musical nuances of Islam, as well as a dance accompanist singing humming citing Islamic prayers.
This new era brings a new style of dance: Dance Dance Zapin Malay and Acehnese Saman dance and music styles implement nuanced Arabia and Persia, combined with local style dance featuring a new generation of Islamic era. Typical instruments used also Arabic and Persian, such as tambourines, drums, and the drum major in the dance musical nuances of Islam, as well as a dance accompanist singing humming citing Islamic prayers.
Support
1. Dance Palace
Dance in Indonesia reflects the long history of Indonesia. Some noble families; various castles and palaces that still survive in various parts of Indonesia, and conservationists be a bastion of culture palaces. The most obvious difference between the palace dances with folk dance tradition appears in Javanese dance. Javanese strata are layered and multilevel reflected in its culture. If the nobility class pay more attention to subtlety, elements of spirituality, nobility, and keadiluhungan; most people pay more attention to entertainment and social elements of the dance. As a result of more stringent palace dances and has a set of rules and discipline are maintained from generation to generation, while people dance more freely, and open up a variety of influences.
Protection of the royal palace of art and culture generally encouraged by the royal institution as guardians and protectors of their tradition. For example, the Sultan and the Sunan of Kraton Yogyakarta and Surakarta Palace known as the creator of a variety of dance palace complete with a dance accompanist gamelan composition. The dance palace is also present in the court tradition of Bali and Malay, which usually Java-like-also emphasizes the subtlety, the glory and prestige. Dances such as the former Palace of the Sultanate of Aceh Sumatra, Sultanate of Deli in North Sumatra, Riau Malay Sultanate and the Sultanate of Palembang in South Sumatra is more influenced by Islamic culture, while Java and Bali will thicker Hindu-Buddhist cultural heritage.
Dance in Indonesia reflects the long history of Indonesia. Some noble families; various castles and palaces that still survive in various parts of Indonesia, and conservationists be a bastion of culture palaces. The most obvious difference between the palace dances with folk dance tradition appears in Javanese dance. Javanese strata are layered and multilevel reflected in its culture. If the nobility class pay more attention to subtlety, elements of spirituality, nobility, and keadiluhungan; most people pay more attention to entertainment and social elements of the dance. As a result of more stringent palace dances and has a set of rules and discipline are maintained from generation to generation, while people dance more freely, and open up a variety of influences.
Protection of the royal palace of art and culture generally encouraged by the royal institution as guardians and protectors of their tradition. For example, the Sultan and the Sunan of Kraton Yogyakarta and Surakarta Palace known as the creator of a variety of dance palace complete with a dance accompanist gamelan composition. The dance palace is also present in the court tradition of Bali and Malay, which usually Java-like-also emphasizes the subtlety, the glory and prestige. Dances such as the former Palace of the Sultanate of Aceh Sumatra, Sultanate of Deli in North Sumatra, Riau Malay Sultanate and the Sultanate of Palembang in South Sumatra is more influenced by Islamic culture, while Java and Bali will thicker Hindu-Buddhist cultural heritage.
2. Folk Dance
Indonesian dance show social complexity and social levels of masyarakyatnya coating, which also shows the social class and the degree of smoothness. Based protectors and supporters, folk dance is a dance that is developed and supported by many people, both in rural and urban areas. Compared to the dance palace (palace) developed and protected by the court, the Indonesian people dance more dynamic, energetic, and relatively free from the strict rules and discipline specific, though some styles of movement or posture characteristic often retained. Dance people pay more attention to the function of entertainment and social interaction rather than ritual function.
Dance Jaipongan Ronggeng and Sundanese dance is a good example of the folk dance tradition. Both are social dance that is more entertainment. Often featured dance movements that are considered less appropriate when viewed from the perspective of court dance, folk dance result is often misunderstood too erotic or too rough in the standard of the palace. Despite these dances still thrive in the tradition of the people of Indonesia because it is supported by the community. Some of the traditional folk dance has developed into a mass dance with simple movements in order, such as Poco-poco dance from Minahasa North Sulawesi, and dance Sajojo of Papua.
Indonesian dance show social complexity and social levels of masyarakyatnya coating, which also shows the social class and the degree of smoothness. Based protectors and supporters, folk dance is a dance that is developed and supported by many people, both in rural and urban areas. Compared to the dance palace (palace) developed and protected by the court, the Indonesian people dance more dynamic, energetic, and relatively free from the strict rules and discipline specific, though some styles of movement or posture characteristic often retained. Dance people pay more attention to the function of entertainment and social interaction rather than ritual function.
Dance Jaipongan Ronggeng and Sundanese dance is a good example of the folk dance tradition. Both are social dance that is more entertainment. Often featured dance movements that are considered less appropriate when viewed from the perspective of court dance, folk dance result is often misunderstood too erotic or too rough in the standard of the palace. Despite these dances still thrive in the tradition of the people of Indonesia because it is supported by the community. Some of the traditional folk dance has developed into a mass dance with simple movements in order, such as Poco-poco dance from Minahasa North Sulawesi, and dance Sajojo of Papua.
Tradition
1. Traditional Dance
Traditional Indonesian dance reflects the richness and diversity of Indonesia. Some dance traditions such as Balinese dance, dance Javanese, Sundanese dance, dance Minangkabau, Palembang dance, Malay dance, dance Aceh, and much more is the art of dance that developed since ancient times, though the dance is still developed until now. Some dances may have been hundreds of years old, while some traditional dance may berlanggam newly invented less than a decade ago. Creation of dance with new choreography, but still within the framework of discipline specific dance tradition still possible. As a result, there was some new dance creations. This new dance creations can be re-excavation of cultural roots has gone, the new interpretation, inspiration or exploration of new art on the art of traditional dance.
Certain art school in Indonesia such as the College of Arts Indonesia (STSI) in Bandung, Jakarta Arts Institute (IKJ) in Jakarta, Indonesia Art Institute (ISI) spread in Denpasar, Yogyakarta and Surakarta, all of which support and encourage students to explore and develop the art of traditional dance in Indonesia. Some festivals such as the Bali Arts Festival is known as the leading event for Balinese dance artists to display their work new dance creations.
Traditional Indonesian dance reflects the richness and diversity of Indonesia. Some dance traditions such as Balinese dance, dance Javanese, Sundanese dance, dance Minangkabau, Palembang dance, Malay dance, dance Aceh, and much more is the art of dance that developed since ancient times, though the dance is still developed until now. Some dances may have been hundreds of years old, while some traditional dance may berlanggam newly invented less than a decade ago. Creation of dance with new choreography, but still within the framework of discipline specific dance tradition still possible. As a result, there was some new dance creations. This new dance creations can be re-excavation of cultural roots has gone, the new interpretation, inspiration or exploration of new art on the art of traditional dance.
Certain art school in Indonesia such as the College of Arts Indonesia (STSI) in Bandung, Jakarta Arts Institute (IKJ) in Jakarta, Indonesia Art Institute (ISI) spread in Denpasar, Yogyakarta and Surakarta, all of which support and encourage students to explore and develop the art of traditional dance in Indonesia. Some festivals such as the Bali Arts Festival is known as the leading event for Balinese dance artists to display their work new dance creations.
2. contemporary dance
Indonesian contemporary dance borrows many outside influences, such as ballet and modern dance west. In 1954, the two artists dar Yogyakarta - Bagong Kusudiarjo and Wisnuwardhana - migrated to the United States to study ballet and modern dance with various dance studio there. When he returned to Indonesia in 1959 they brought a new artistic culture, which eventually change direction, face and movement and new choreography, they introduced the idea of dance as a personal expression of the artist to the art of dance in Indonesia. The idea of dance as a medium personal expression of the artist Indonesia has raised the art of dance, from the original is always set in a tradition of artistic expression, the artist through exposure to a variety of arts and cultural backgrounds a wider and richer. Indonesian traditional dance too much influence contemporary dance in Indonesia, such as Javanese dance styles such as pose and posture as well as the elegance of the movements often arise in the performance of contemporary dance in Indonesia. International collaborations are also possible, such as Japanese Noh dance collaboration with traditional Javanese dance theater and Bali.
Indonesia modern dance are also often featured in the entertainment industry and show Indonesia, for example, dance accompanist singing, musical performances, or live entertainment. Now with the surge of pop culture influences from abroad, especially from the United States, some modern dance such as street dance (street dance) also captured the attention of young people of Indonesia.
Indonesian contemporary dance borrows many outside influences, such as ballet and modern dance west. In 1954, the two artists dar Yogyakarta - Bagong Kusudiarjo and Wisnuwardhana - migrated to the United States to study ballet and modern dance with various dance studio there. When he returned to Indonesia in 1959 they brought a new artistic culture, which eventually change direction, face and movement and new choreography, they introduced the idea of dance as a personal expression of the artist to the art of dance in Indonesia. The idea of dance as a medium personal expression of the artist Indonesia has raised the art of dance, from the original is always set in a tradition of artistic expression, the artist through exposure to a variety of arts and cultural backgrounds a wider and richer. Indonesian traditional dance too much influence contemporary dance in Indonesia, such as Javanese dance styles such as pose and posture as well as the elegance of the movements often arise in the performance of contemporary dance in Indonesia. International collaborations are also possible, such as Japanese Noh dance collaboration with traditional Javanese dance theater and Bali.
Indonesia modern dance are also often featured in the entertainment industry and show Indonesia, for example, dance accompanist singing, musical performances, or live entertainment. Now with the surge of pop culture influences from abroad, especially from the United States, some modern dance such as street dance (street dance) also captured the attention of young people of Indonesia.
